Company Information
About the Report- Documents
Outstanding Payments (MSME)
Complaints
Directors- Same Address Companies
- Charges
Contact Details- Products & Services
Balance Sheet- Profit & Loss
Fund Raising- Shareholders & Investors
- Board Meetings
- Auditors
LIVEA NATURALS COSMETICS PRIVATE LIMITED
CIN: U24244MH2003PTC139853 As on: 2026-07-13
LIVEA NATURALS COSMETICS PRIVATE LIMITED (CIN: U24244MH2003PTC139853) is a Private company incorporated on 03 Apr 2003. It is classified as Non-government company and is registered at Registrar of Companies, Mumbai. Its authorized share capital is Rs. 100000.00 and its paid up capital is Rs. 100000.00.
LIVEA NATURALS COSMETICS PRIVATE LIMITED's Annual General Meeting (AGM) was last held on 30 Sep 2023. and as per records from Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), its balance sheet was last filed on 2023-03-31.LIVEA NATURALS COSMETICS PRIVATE LIMITED's NIC code is 2424 (which is part of its CIN). As per the NIC code, it is inolved in Manufacture of soap and detergents, cleaning and polishing preparations, perfumes and toilet preparations.
Directors of LIVEA NATURALS COSMETICS PRIVATE LIMITED are KIRAN RAMESHWAR SINGH, and RUDRAPRATAP RAMESHWAR SINGH.
LIVEA NATURALS COSMETICS PRIVATE LIMITED's Corporate Identification Number (CIN) is U24244MH2003PTC139853 and its registration number is 139853. Users may contact LIVEA NATURALS COSMETICS PRIVATE LIMITED on its Email address - [email protected]. Registered address of LIVEA NATURALS COSMETICS PRIVATE LIMITED is HOUSE NO1638 BEHIND PETROLPUMP SAVARKAR RD CHANDANSAR VIRAR EAST , THANE, Maharashtra, India - 401303.
Current status of LIVEA NATURALS COSMETICS PRIVATE LIMITED is - Active.
Basic Information
- CIN
- Name
- Listed on Stock Exchange
- Company Status
- ROC
- Registration Number
- Company Category
- Company Sub Category
- Class of Company
- Date of Incorporation
- Age of Company
- Activity
- Number of Members
Annual Compliance Status
- Date of Last Annual General Meeting
- Date of Last Filed Balance Sheet
Key Numbers
- Authorised Share Capital
- Paid-up Share Capital
- Total Assets
- Revenue
- Profit
- Salaries & Other Employee Benefit Expenses
Want to see how this company compares within its industry or analyse broader market trends?
Explore Prime Research for Industry & Economic InsightsPrevious Names
Previous CINs
ZaubaCorp's company report for LIVEA NATURALS COSMETICS includes audited balance sheets, profit & loss statements, charges, director history, shareholding and related-party transactions, compiled from official MCA filings — delivered as PDF and Excel.
Purchase ReportAll companies in India are required to file various documents like financials, loan agreements, list of shareholders, details of directors, details of funding rounds and a lot more. These documents are credible and offer incredible insights about a company. However, understanding a company by viewing its documents is an extremely difficult and time consuming process.
Our reports are designed to save you significant time by surfacing key information easily and structuring it in a way that helps in your research.
Understanding the key findings and information in our reports can be crucial if you're a customer, vendor, investor, partner or even a potential employee of LIVEA NATURALS COSMETICS
Purchase full report of LIVEA NATURALS COSMETICS
Companies are required to file half yearly returns showing payments due to Micro & Small Enterprises that have been delayed more than 45 days. This information is crucial to understand if LIVEA NATURALS COSMETICS pays its vendors promptly. When seen over a period of time, this information could show if the company has slowed down in making payments to its small vendors. This information is available only if the company has filed its half yearly returns with the registrar of companies.
| Filing Type | As On | Amount Due to MSME | Current Liabilities | Ratio to Current Liabilities | Reasons for Delay |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This section contains details of investor complaints or serious complaints filed with the registrar of companies. This information can surface potential red flags about a company.
Director Complaints
| Date | DIN | Cessation Date | Cessation Reason | Complaint |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Serious Complaints
| Date | Complaint | Other Details |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investor Complaints & Other Complaints
| Date | Complaint Type | Complaint Sub Type | Particulars of Secutiries | Period | Complaint | Other Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current Directors & Key Managerial Personnel of LIVEA NATURALS COSMETICS
| DIN | Director Name | Designation | Appointment Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 06501300 | KIRAN RAMESHWAR SINGH | Director | 2003-04-03 |
| 08219114 | RUDRAPRATAP RAMESHWAR SINGH | Director | 2020-10-16 |
Past Directors & Key Managerial Personnel of LIVEA NATURALS COSMETICS
| DIN | Director Name | Designation | Appointment Date | Cessation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01197556 | PARUL MANOJ CHHADVA | Director | - | 2018-05-14 |
| 08132398 | RAKESH KUMAR SINGH | Additional Director | - | 2019-08-30 |
| 08132398 | RAKESH KUMAR SINGH | Director | - | 2018-05-14 |
| 08219114 | RUDRAPRATAP RAMESHWAR SINGH | Additional Director | - | 2020-10-16 |
Other Directorships of PARUL MANOJ CHHADVA
| Company Name | CIN | Designation | Appointment Date | Cessation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BHOOYASH DEVELOPERS AND CONSTRUCTORS PRIVATE LIMITED | U45200MH2004PTC148535 | Additional Director | - | 2011-12-16 |
| BHOOYASH DEVELOPERS AND CONSTRUCTORS PRIVATE LIMITED | U45200MH2004PTC148535 | Director | - | 2016-11-03 |
| SEVEN STAR DISTRIBUTOR PRIVATE LIMITED | U51101MH2013PTC247289 | Director | - | 2013-09-30 |
Other Directorships of KIRAN RAMESHWAR SINGH
| Company Name | CIN | Designation | Appointment Date | Cessation |
|---|
Other Directorships of RAKESH KUMAR SINGH
| Company Name | CIN | Designation | Appointment Date | Cessation |
|---|
Other Directorships of RUDRAPRATAP RAMESHWAR SINGH
| Company Name | CIN | Designation | Appointment Date | Cessation |
|---|
| CIN | Company Name | Company Address |
|---|---|---|
| U85100MH2019PTC325493 | HORICON HOSPITAL PRIVATE LIMITED | SHOP NO 9 GAGANGIRI APARTMENT OPP POST OFFICE, V.S. MARG VIRAR EAST , VIRAR EAST, THANE, Maharashtra, India - 401303 |
| U37100MH2022PTC374893 | ELECTROSWACHH RECYCLING PRIVATE LIMITED | BLDG. 1/3 VISHNU VIHAR COMP. MANVEL PADA RD. VIRAR EAST 401303 , THANE, Maharashtra, India - 401303 |
| U45208MH2008PTC183171 | CHANDANSAR EARTHMOVERS PRIVATE LIMITED | AVINASH APTS, POST- CHANDANSAR ,VIRAR (EAST) TAL - VASAI , DIST - THANE , THANE, Maharashtra, India - 401303 |
| AAN-2406 | AMS MAILING SERVICES LLP | C/202, GAJ MOHINI APT, VIVA JANGID COMPLEX, MANVELPADA ROAD, VIRAR (EAST), THANE VIRAR THANE, Maharashtra, India - 401303 |
| ACF-5640 | JUST INNOVATIVE WORLDWIDE LLP | 207 Chintamani,Behind Kamdhenu Bunglow Virar East,Vasai,Thane,Maharashtra,India-401303 |
| U86900MH2025NPL439043 | JANKALYAN EDUCATION TRAINING FOUNDATION | 15/Sai Savli Apartment Chandansar Road,,Virar-East,Vasai,Thane,Maharashtra,401303-India |
| U66030MH1999PTC119715 | MAITREYA ASSURANCE SERVICES PRIVATE LIMITED | INDER KUNJ BEHIND BALAJIHOSPITAL BAZAR WARD VIRAR EAST , THANE PIN, Maharashtra, India - 401303 |
| U72502MH2018FTC308580 | BUILT.IO SOFTWARE INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED | Survey No:319,Hissa No: 4,Village Chandansar,Virar(East) , THANE, Maharashtra, India - 401303 |
| U51909MH2020PTC347824 | REBOUND LIFE CARE PRIVATE LIMITED | NO 04 KALESHWAR NIWAS NR JAIDEEP SCHOOL MANVELPADA RD VIRAR EAST , THANE, Maharashtra, India - 401303 |
| U28910MH2011PTC212752 | AGRAETA TECHNIK PRIVATE LIMITED | BTL Farm, Opposite Gadkari Nagar Veer Savarkar Marg, Chandansar, Virar (E ast) , Thane, Maharashtra, India - 401303 |
| ABZ-0259 | Endonest Medical Systems LLP | HDIL Industrial Park, Building number 23, Gala no, 111,Chandansar, Virar East, Palghar,Vasai,Thane,Maharashtra,India-401303 |
| U31900MH2020PTC348051 | HD INITIAL PRIVATE LIMITED | B/15, SHANTA JADHAV CHAL SAHAKAR NGR JIIVDANI CROSS RD VIRAR EAST , THANE, Maharashtra, India - 401303 |
| U52609MH2020PTC348451 | AL-RIZQ INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED | 001, NARAYAN APT, BUILDING NO. 4, GASS KOPRI CHANDANSAR ROAD, VIRAR EAST , THANE, Maharashtra, India - 401303 |
| U52599MH2022PTC380178 | HTHARSH TRADING PRIVATE LIMITED | Shop 44, Gagan Solitaire Building Viva Jangid Complex Manvel Pada Rd Virar East,,Palghar,Thane,Maharashtra,401303-India |
| U72900MH2011PTC218929 | DIAGRAM ENTERTAINMENT PRIVATE LIMITED | Room No.501, Sai Dutta Nagar, Behind Makwana Bldg Milan Theatre, Veer Savarkar Marg, Virar , Thane, Maharashtra, India - 401303 |
| U63030MH2010PTC211309 | SANCHAR LOGISTICS PRIVATE LIMITED | SHOP NO 23, GROUND FLOOR,GAGAN SOLITAIRE CHS LTD VIVA JANGID COMPLEX,MANVELPADA RD,VIRAR EAST , THANE, Maharashtra, India - 401303 |
| U74999MH2014PTC253027 | UNIVERSAL PURITY TESTING SERVICES PRIVATE LIMITED | GALA NO.28 1ST FLR,PAREKH INDUSTRIALESTATE NARANGI PHATA CHANDANSAR RD NR.GANPATI MANDI VAS AI VIRAR E , THANE, Maharashtra, India - 401303 |
| U85300MH2021NPL356728 | RADHE KRISHNA BLESSING FOUNDATION | B/201 MHASAGAR APT PANDIT WADI VIRAR EAST VIRAR EAST , THANE, Maharashtra, India - 401303 |
| U45500MH2017PTC293968 | ASTORIA BUILDCON PRIVATE LIMITED | SHOP NO.3,TIWARI ESTATE,OPP.PAREKH IND ESTATE,BESIDE GANAPATI MANDIR,NARANGI PH , ATA, VIRAR (EAST), THANE, Maharashtra, India - 401303 |
| AAS-7598 | LIBVU TECHNOLOGIES LLP | E 302, Nestle House D and E CHSL, Behind Shhan Bunglow, Jivdani Road, Virar (East) Vasai, Maharashtra, India - 401303 |
| U74120MH2012PTC230004 | E&T KNOWLEDGE TOOLS AND PROCESS DEVELOPM ENT PRIVATE LIMITED | Shop No 05, Masoom CHS, Bazar Ward, Virar - East Close to Virar East Police Station , Virar East, Maharashtra, India - 401303 |
| U96020MR2026PTC474042 | HOMETIME PRIVATE LIMITED | B/207CORAL APT,VIRAR WEST,VIRAR,TIRUPATI NAGAR RD,Vasai,Thane,Maharashtra,401303-India |
| U74999MH2017PTC294409 | EGFERNS PRIVATE LIMITED | F - 001, YASHWANT VIHAR COMPLEX VIRAR- AGASHI RD, VIRAR (W) , THANE, Maharashtra, India - 401303 |
| AAH-1565 | OCEAN CHEF VICTUAL & MGMT. LLP | 509, ANAND CHS, NARAYAN NAGAR, MANVEL PADA ROAD, OPP. RAILWAY TOWER, VIRAR (EAST),,VIRAR,Thane,Maharashtra,India-401303 |
| U74999MH2018OPC307701 | GAMA SALON & SPA (OPC) PRIVATE LIMITED | H. No. 1329, Rani Talav, Nr. Aanganwadi Behind Vatsalya Hopsital , VIRAR EAST, Maharashtra, India - 401303 |
| U72900MH2011PTC222523 | ENORMOUS TECH-SOLUTIONS PRIVATE LIMITED | 102, Karan Plaza, Opp Viva College Behind More Shopping centre, Virar (W), Virar , Thane, Maharashtra, India - 401303 |
| U74999MH2018PTC314153 | AWASTHI CORPORATION PRIVATE LIMITED | Shop No. A/07, Sai Plaza Building, Viva Jagid Complex, Manvelpada Rd, , VIRAR EAST, Maharashtra, India - 401303 |
| AAZ-6426 | SUDHAM LIFESPACES LLP | C/o Mr. Vikas Narsinha Vartak, Vartak House,Vartak RD,Ram Mandir RD, Dongar Pada Virar West, Maharashtra, India - 401303 |
| AAP-0859 | KREATIVE INTERTECH LLP | GALA NO 204 & 201, BUILDING NO 29, HDIL INDUSTRIAL ESTATE, CHANDANSAR VILLAGE, VIRAR EAST PALGHAR, Maharashtra, India - 401303 |
| Charge ID | Charge Creation Date | Charge Modification Date | Charge Closure Date | Assets Under Charge | Amount | Charge Holder |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 90144675 | 2003-09-08 | - | - | 300,000.00 | CORPORATION BANK |
- Email ID
- Website
- Address
This information shows products and services that contribute highest to the company's revenue. Analysing this over a period of time can show the evolution of the company in terms of the products and services it offers.
| Financial Year | Business Activity Code | Business Activity Description | Percentage of Turnover |
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial information is availalbe only if it has been filed by the company. If the company has not filed its returns, financials for the defaulting period will not be available.
| 2024-03-31 | 2023-03-31 | 2022-03-31 | 2021-03-31 | 2020-03-31 | 2019-03-31 | 2018-03-31 | 2017-03-31 | 2016-03-31 | 2015-03-31 | 2014-03-31 | 2013-03-31 | 2012-03-31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Download Audited Financials | |||||||||||||
| EQUITY AND LIABILITIES | |||||||||||||
| Shareholder's funds | |||||||||||||
| Share Capital |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Reserves & Surplus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Money Received Against Share Warrants |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Share Application Money Pending Allotment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Non-current Liabilities | |||||||||||||
| Long-term borrowings |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Deferred tax liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Other Long Term Liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Long Term Provisions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Current Liabilities | |||||||||||||
| Short-term borrowings |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Trade Payables |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Other Current Liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Short Term Provisions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Total Equity and Liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ASSETS | |||||||||||||
| Non-current Assets | |||||||||||||
| Fixed Assets | |||||||||||||
| Tangible Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Intangible Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Capital Work In Progress |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Intangible Assets Under Development |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Non-current Investments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Deferred Tax Assets (net) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Long-term Loans & Advances |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Other Non-current Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Current Assets | |||||||||||||
| Current Investments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Inventories |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Trade receivables |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cash & Cash Equivalents |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Short-term Loans & Advances |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Other Current Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Total Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial information is availalbe only if it has been filed by the company. If the company has not filed its returns, financials for the defaulting period will not be available.
| 2024-03-31 | 2023-03-31 | 2022-03-31 | 2021-03-31 | 2020-03-31 | 2019-03-31 | 2018-03-31 | 2017-03-31 | 2016-03-31 | 2015-03-31 | 2014-03-31 | 2013-03-31 | 2012-03-31 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Download Audited Financials | |||||||||||||
| REVENUE FROM OPERATIONS | |||||||||||||
| Domestic Turnover | |||||||||||||
| Sale of Goods Manufactured |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Sale of Goods Traded |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Sale of Supple of Services |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Export Turnover | |||||||||||||
| Sale of Goods Manufactured |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Sale of Goods Traded |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Sale or Supply of Services |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Other Income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Total Revenue From Operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| EXPENSES | |||||||||||||
| Cost of Materials Consumed |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Purchases of Stock in Trade |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Change in Inventories of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Finished Goods |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Work in Progress |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Stock in Trade |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Employee benefit Expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Managerial Remuneration |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Payment to Auditors |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Insurance Expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Power & Fuel |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Finance Cost |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Depreciation & Amortization Expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Other Expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Total Expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Profit before Exceptional Items, Extraordinary Items and Tax |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Exceptional Items |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Profit before Extraordinary items and Tax |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Extraordinary Items |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Profit before Tax |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Tax Expense | |||||||||||||
| Current Tax |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Deferred Tax |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Profit/Loss after Tax from Continuing Operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Profit/Loss after Tax from Discontinuing Operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Tax Expense of Discontinuing Operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Total Profit/Loss |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Earnings per Equity Share (EPS) before Extraordinary Items |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Basic |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Diluted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Earnings per Equity Share (EPS) after Extraordinary Items |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Basic |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Diluted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This section contains details of cash raised by allocation of equity or debentures. All types of fund raising acitivity is listed here including funding raised through Venture Capital. Attachments would contain further details of the fund raising activity including names of the investors. This information is available only if the company has raised funds through cash allotment of equity or debentures.
| Date of Allotment | Securities Alloted | Terms | Number of Securities | Nominal Amount | Premium Amount Due & Payable | Premium Amount Paid | Total Discount | Amount to be Paid on Calls (Excluding Premium) | Attachments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This section contains list of associate companies and joint ventures as per the most recently available annual returns. This information would not be available if the company has not filed annual returns at all or it does not have any subsidiaries or joint ventures.
| Company Identifier | Name | Percentage of Shares Held |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This section contains list of board resolutions reported by the company to the Registrar of Companies.
| Date of Filing | Date of Dispatch of Notice | Date of Passing Resolution | Section (Companies Act 2013) | Section (Companies Act 1956) | Subject Matter of Resolution | Resolution Agreed By | Resolution Type | Additional Documents |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This section contains auditors of a company over the years. This information is available if the company has filed their annual returns with the Registrar of Companies.
| Financial Year | Name of Auditor or Firm | PAN of Auditor or Firm | Membership Number / Registration Number | Name of Auditor Signing Report | Membership Number of Auditor Signing Report |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Is this information out of date or is there a discrepancy with the information? Click on the Update Information button below and we will review the information.